COURSE SCHEDULE

Start of Semester:28-01-2013.
End of Semester: 30-05-2013.

Lecture Plan

Course: Analog and Digital Communication (ET-323)
Class: 2k10 ECT (6th Semester)
Lecture No Topics Covered



1 Introduction to Communication Engineering
• Communication System
• Analog and Digital Messages
• Analog to Digital Conversion (ADC)
• Channel Impairments
• Signal-to-Noise Rati




2 Introduction to Communication Engineering(continued)

• Channel Bandwidth
• The Rate of Communication
• Modulation
• Randomness
• Redundancy
• Coding
• Multiplexing



3 Introduction to signals
• Size of a Signal
• Classification of Signals
• Some Useful Signal Operations
• Unit Impulse Function



4 Introduction to signals(continued)
• Signals and Vectors
• Signal Comparison: Correlation
• Signal Representation by Orthogonal Signal Set



5 Introduction to signals(continued)
• Trigonometric Fourier Series
• Exponential Fourier Series
• Numerical Computation of Dn



6 Analysis and Transmission of Signals
• Introduction
• Aperiodic Signal Representation by Fourier Integral
• Transforms of Some Useful Functions
• Some Properties of the Fourier Transform




7 Analysis and Transmission of Signals(continued)

• Signal Transmission through a Linear System
• Ideal and Practical Filters
• Signal Distortion over a Communication Channel
• Signal Energy and Energy Spectral Density
• Signal Power and Power Spectral Density
• Numerical Computation of Fourier Transform: The DFT







8 Amplitude Modulation
Introduction
Baseband and Carrier Communication
Special type of Baseband signals
 Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM)
 Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
 Pulse Position Modulation (PPM)
 Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)
 Delta Modulation (DM).
Amplitude Modulation
 Double Sideband (DSB) and DSB-SC
 Multiplier Modulators
 Nonlinear Modulators (single balanced modulators)
 Switching Modulators
Demodulation of DSB-SC Signals





9 Amplitude Modulation (continued)

Amplitude Modulation (AM) with carrier
 Generation of AM Signals
Demodulation of AM Signals
 Rectifier detection
 Envelope detection.
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)







10
Amplitude Modulation (continued)

Single Sideband (SSB)
 Time-Domain Representation of SSB Signals
 Generation of SSB Signals
• Selective-Filtering Method
• Phase-Shift Method
Demodulation of SSB-SC Signals
Vestigial Sideband (VSB)
 Envelope Detection of VSB+C Signals
 Use of VSB in Broadcast Television
Linearity of Amplitude Modulation







11 Amplitude Modulation

Carrier Acquisition
Carrier Acquisition Techniques
Phase-Locked Loop (PLL)
 Applications of PLL
 Carrier Acquisition in DSB-SC
• Signal squaring Technique
• Costas loop Technique
Carrier Acquisition in SSB-SC
Superheterodyne AM Receiver
Television
 Working principle
 Bandwidth Considerations


12 Angle Modulation

Introduction
Concept of Instantaneous Frequency
 Generalized Concept of Angle Modulation
 Power of an Angle-Modulated Wave

Bandwidth of Angle-Modulated Waves
 Narrow-Band Angle Modulation
 Wide-Band FM (WBFM)
 Features of Angle Modulation






13 Angle Modulation(continued)

Generation of FM Waves
 Indirect Method of Armstrong
 Direct Generation
Demodulation of FM
 Bandpass Limiter
 Practical Frequency Demodulators
• slope detector and ratio detector
• Zero-crossing detectors
• Phase-Locked Loop (PLL)
 Small-Error Analysis
 First-Order-Loop Analysis



14 Angle Modulation
Interference in Angle-Modulated Systems
 Interference Due to Channel Noise
 Preemphasis and Deemphasis in FM Broadcasting
 Preemphasis and Deemphasis Filters
FM Receiver








15 Sampling and Pulse Code Modulation
Introduction
Sampling Theorem
 Signal Reconstruction: The Interpolation Formula
 Practical Difficulties in Signal Reconstruction
 Practical Sampling
 Maximum Information Rate
 Some Applications of the Sampling Theorem
Pulse Code Modulation(PCM)
Differential Pulse Code Modulation(DPCM)
 Analysis of DPCM
 SNR Improvement
Noise and Communications
Channel Capacity
Transmission Media
Multiplexing









16 Digital Modulation in Communications Systems
 Introduction
 Why Digital Modulation?
 Filtering
 Different Ways of Looking at a Digitally Modulated Signal
 Measurements on Digital RF Communications Systems
Fundamentals of Coding
Behavior of analog systems in the Presence of Noise
Behavior of Digital systems in the Presence of Noise
Information Theory
Practical Communication Systems in the light of Shannon’s Equation
Errors Detection and Correction